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Diarrhea is a common cause of disease and death loss in young calves whether on the cow-calf operation or the dairy. If you are a cattle producer and have not had the privilege of dealing with scours, then wait patiently, because your turn is coming. Given that the disease is so prevalent and that many producers have treated calves in different ways, there are many different opinions floating around regarding which treatment method is best. The purpose of this article is to provide some clarity on what treatments actually work and what treatments may be a detriment.

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The news has been full of information regarding influenza virus in recent months whether discussing the shortage of flu vaccines available for people, the spread of H1N1 or the more recent discussion of canine influenza. In this article, we are diverting a bit from livestock medicine to more of a companion animal topic, but I suspect that this topic may be of interest to most of our readers. In response to the recent media coverage I have begun to get questions regarding canine influenza, the signs of infection and need for vaccination.

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I recently made a trip to the Missouri Humane Society farm in Union, Mo., to attend a continuing education course on equine dentistry. Veterinarians are becoming more knowledgeable on the subject of dentistry in horses and are developing more advanced equipment and techniques for the proper care of the teeth and oral cavity of the horse.

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Most spring calving herds are preparing to wean this year’s calf crop in the coming weeks. At this time, select groups of heifers will enter into a management stage designed to turn them into productive replacement cows. This stage of production represents significant economic investment to the producer, and how well a group of heifers is managed can significantly influence their productivity and profitability in future years.

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If you own a horse, you are likely familiar with Coggins testing.  Numerous horses come by our clinic each year for this annual ritual. I find that while many owners know that the test is required and have had it performed on their horses numerous times, they still have questions about what the test is really for and why it is necessary.

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Pneumonia is one of the most common respiratory problems encountered by sheep and goat producers. While pneumonia may be much less common a problem than other health concerns such as internal parasites, it can still cause significant losses in production and occasional death loss within any given herd. Occasionally, producers may experience an outbreak of disease that leads to numerous animals affected and severe losses. My experience suggests that summertime represents an increased number of cases in southwest Missouri.

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In the last issue we discussed pinkeye as a major cause of disease in cattle during the summer months. Another problem that frequently presents itself in my chute during the summer is foot rot. I have seen numerous cases of foot rot in cattle this summer already. The disease is caused primarily by a bacterium called Fusobacterium necrophorum and is a significant cause of lameness in cattle – beef and dairy alike. Like pinkeye, mortality from the disease is generally absent but morbidity can get high with up to 25 percent of the herd affected in severe outbreaks. Foot rot can be a significant source of lost production. Cows that are lame from foot rot tend to lie around, eat less and produce less milk. Whether that milk is going into the bulk tank or into the calf, less milk means less money to the producer. Additionally, treatment costs and the occasional animal with unresolving lameness represent further economic loss due to the disease.

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One of the most common diseases among cattle during the summer months is pinkeye or ‘bovine infectious keratitis’. Many producers battle this disease every year even when preventative measures are taken. Thankfully, mortality with this disease is generally low or absent, however, morbidity may be as high as 80 percent. Economic losses are generally realized in treatment costs, reduced gains/milk production and reduced sale prices for animals with blindness or chronic lesions of the eye.

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Warm temperatures and plenty of moisture has brought on lots of lush, green grazing for all classes of livestock in the Ozarks this spring. For horse owners however, the excessive pasture forage brings with it a heightened concern over laminitis and founder. 

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Internal parasitism is one of the most challenging of health concerns in small ruminants.
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